Composting as a Sustainable Alternative to Traditional Waste Disposal

Traditional waste disposal methods, such as landfilling and incineration, contribute to environmental issues like greenhouse gas emissions, leachate production, and loss of valuable organic carbon. Since organic waste accounts for 40–70% of municipal solid waste, especially in developing countries, sustainable alternatives are needed. Composting presents an environmentally friendly solution by reducing methane emissions, minimizing landfill waste, and converting organic matter into nutrient-rich soil amendments. However, its widespread adoption faces challenges, including contamination from heavy metals and microplastics, as well as concerns over the quality and safety of the final compost product.